What is accessibility on the web? What attributes and HTML elements are used to ensure accessibility?

Accessibility in the web is the practice of creating websites and applications that can be used by people with various disabilities, including visual impairments, hearing impairments, motor impairments, and others.

To ensure accessibility, special HTML elements and attributes are used:

• Semantic elements: <header>, <nav>, <main>, <footer>, <section>, <article>, <button>, <label>, <form> — help assistive technologies understand the structure of the page.
• The alt attribute for images — describes the content for screen readers.
• ARIA attributes (aria-label, aria-labelledby, aria-hidden, etc.) — extend semantics and help describe dynamic elements.
• The tabindex attribute — controls the navigation order via keyboard.
• Using <label> for form elements to associate labels with input fields.

Example:

<label for="email">Email:</label>
<input type="email" id="email" name="email" aria-required="true">

Thus, accessibility ensures equal access to information and site functionality for all users.