What happens after the user enters a URL in the browser and presses Enter — up to the rendering of the page on the screen?

After entering the URL and pressing Enter, several steps occur:

1. Domain Name Resolution (DNS lookup): the browser requests the server's IP address by the domain name.

2. Establishing a TCP connection: the browser establishes a connection with the server via IP and port (usually 80 or 443).

3. Sending an HTTP request: the browser sends a GET request to the server with the specified URL.

4. Server processes the request: the server receives, processes it, and forms an HTTP response (HTML, CSS, JS, etc.).

5. Receiving and parsing the response: the browser receives the response and begins parsing the HTML.

6. Loading resources: during parsing, links to CSS, JS, images are found — the browser makes additional requests to load them.

7. Executing scripts and building DOM: the browser constructs the DOM tree, applies styles, executes JS.

8. Rendering the page: the browser renders the page on the user's screen.

This process may include caching, redirects, working with cookies, and other details.