What is the architectural pattern MVC?

MVC (Model-View-Controller) is an architectural pattern that divides an application into three interconnected components:

• Model: Represents the data and business logic of the application. Responsible for storing, retrieving, modifying, and validating data. Does not contain user interface logic.

• View: Responsible for displaying data to the user. Receives data from the Model and visualizes it. Does not contain business logic and does not directly interact with the Model.

• Controller: Acts as an intermediary between the Model and the View. Handles user requests, interacts with the Model to retrieve or modify data, and selects the View to display results.

Interaction:

1. The user interacts with the View.
2. The View sends a request to the Controller.
3. The Controller processes the request, interacts with the Model to get or update data.
4. The Model performs the necessary data operations.
5. The Controller receives the result from the Model.
6. The Controller selects the appropriate View and passes data to it for display.
7. The View displays data to the user.

Advantages:

• Separation of component responsibilities.
• Improved maintainability and scalability of the code.
• Reusability of components.
• Facilitates parallel development (Frontend and Backend can work on View/Controller and Model independently).
• Improved testing (Model, View, and Controller can be tested separately).

Disadvantages:

• May be excessive for simple applications.
• Increased number of files and layers of abstraction.
• Complexity in determining where exactly a particular function should be placed.

MVC is often used in web development, especially in backend frameworks (Ruby on Rails, Django, Spring MVC), but variations are also used in frontend (for example, in older versions of Angular, or as a concept in code organization). In frontend, patterns like MVP or MVVM are more common.