Tell me about data types in TypeScript, utility types, the difference between types and interfaces, and inheritance in them.

TypeScript has several core data types: primitives (string, number, boolean, null, undefined, symbol, bigint), arrays, tuples, enum, any, unknown, void, never, and objects.

Utility types are built-in types that help transform other types. For example:

• Partial<T> makes all properties of type T optional.
• Readonly<T> makes all properties of type T read-only.
• Pick<T, K> selects a subset of properties from T.
• Omit<T, K> excludes properties from T.
• Record<K, T> creates an object with keys K and values T.

Difference between types (type) and interfaces (interface):

• Interfaces are meant to describe object structures and can be extended (inherited) and merged.
• Types are more versatile, capable of describing not only objects but also unions, intersections, primitives, etc.
• Interfaces can be declaratively merged (declaration merging), types cannot.

Inheritance:

• Interfaces are extended using the extends keyword:

interface Animal {
  name: string;
}
interface Dog extends Animal {
  breed: string;
}

• Types can use intersections to combine:

type Animal = { name: string };
type Dog = Animal & { breed: string };

Thus, interfaces are convenient for describing objects and their extension, while types are more flexible and powerful for complex type combinations.