Order the sequence of console.log calls: arrange the order of log outputs (part 1 — synchronous code, part 2 — with asynchronous code, promises, and setTimeout).

Let's consider the order of output for console.log in two parts:

Part 1 — Synchronous code

All console.log statements are executed sequentially in the order they are written.

console.log('1');
console.log('2');
console.log('3');
// Output: 1, 2, 3

Part 2 — With asynchronous code, promises, and setTimeout

Example:

console.log('1');
setTimeout(() => console.log('2'), 0);
Promise.resolve().then(() => console.log('3'));
console.log('4');

Output order:

1. '1' — synchronous code
2. '4' — synchronous code
3. '3' — microtask (promise) after synchronous code
4. '2' — macrotask (setTimeout) after microtasks

Result: 1, 4, 3, 2

This is because microtasks (promises) are executed immediately after the current call stack, while macrotasks (setTimeout) are executed later.