What is the main difference between error and exception types in exception handling?

In the context of Flutter (and Dart), the main difference between Error and Exception is that Error represents serious errors that are generally not meant to be caught and handled in code (for example, runtime errors related to the system or virtual machine), whereas Exception are errors that can and should be handled, related to application logic (for example, validation errors, network errors).

Example:

try {
  // code that might throw an exception
} on Exception catch (e) {
  // handling predictable exceptions
} catch (e) {
  // handling other errors, including Error
}

Thus, Exception are controllable errors, and Error are critical errors, usually not handled within the application.