Can you explain the process by which a browser displays a web page, from receiving the code to rendering it on the screen?

The process of displaying a web page in a browser involves several stages:

1. Fetching HTML code: The browser sends an HTTP request to the server and receives the HTML document.

2. Parsing HTML: The browser reads the HTML and constructs the DOM tree — the structure of the page elements.

3. Loading resources: During parsing, the browser detects links to CSS, JavaScript, images, and loads them.

4. Parsing CSS: A CSSOM tree is built, describing the styles.

5. Combining DOM and CSSOM: A render tree is created, containing visual elements with their styles.

6. Calculating layout: The browser computes the sizes and positions of elements on the page.

7. Painting: The browser draws pixels on the screen according to the render tree.

8. Executing JavaScript: Scripts can modify the DOM and CSSOM, triggering re-renders.

Thus, the browser sequentially transforms the page code into a visual representation, ensuring interactivity and correct display.