What components or classes need to be created to implement a navigation system in a Flutter application?

To implement a navigation system in Flutter, the following components are usually created:

• Navigator — an embedded widget that manages the stack of routes (screens).
• Route — a class describing a single screen or page.
• MaterialPageRoute or CupertinoPageRoute — standard implementations of routes with transition animations.
• RouteSettings — for passing parameters between screens.
• Navigator.push() / Navigator.pop() — methods for navigating forward and backward.

For more complex navigation, often the following are created:

• A class or file with route names (e.g., AppRoutes), where constants with screen names are stored.
• A navigation manager (NavigationService) for centralized navigation management outside widget context.

Example of a simple transition:

Navigator.push(
  context,
  MaterialPageRoute(builder: (context) => SecondScreen()),
);

For larger applications, packages like go_router or auto_route are often used, which simplify and structure navigation.