What tools and libraries are available for multithreading in Dart?

In Dart, the following tools are available for implementing multithreading and parallel execution:

• Isolates — the main mechanism for parallel code execution. Each isolate has its own memory and does not share state with others, preventing issues with concurrent access. Communication is done via messages.

• Future and async/await — allow asynchronous operations to be performed without blocking the main thread, but do not create new threads.

• Streams — for processing a sequence of asynchronous events.

Example of creating and communicating with an isolate:

import 'dart:isolate';

void isolateEntry(SendPort sendPort) {
  // Performing a heavy task
  int result = 0;
  for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {
    result += i;
  }
  sendPort.send(result);
}

void main() async {
  ReceivePort receivePort = ReceivePort();
  await Isolate.spawn(isolateEntry, receivePort.sendPort);

  receivePort.listen((message) {
    print('Result from isolate: $message');
    receivePort.close();
  });
}

Thus, for heavy computations and parallel tasks, Dart uses isolates, and for asynchronous operations, Future and Streams.