How is navigation and routing system implemented in Flutter applications?

In Flutter, navigation and routing are implemented through the Navigator class and the route system. Navigator manages a stack of screens (widgets), allowing transitions between them using push (to add a screen) and pop (to go back) methods.

Main approaches:

• Named Routes — defined in MaterialApp via the routes property, where each route name corresponds to a function returning a widget. Navigation occurs by route name.

• Anonymous Routes — created dynamically using Navigator.push(context, MaterialPageRoute(builder: (context) => NewScreen())).

• Navigator 2.0 — a more complex and flexible API that allows declarative navigation management, useful for complex apps with deep linking.

Example of simple screen transition using Navigator:

// Navigate to a new screen
Navigator.push(
  context,
  MaterialPageRoute(builder: (context) => SecondScreen()),
);

// Return to the previous screen
Navigator.pop(context);