Name the main principles of object-oriented programming.

Principles of OOP:

1. Encapsulation: Hiding data and methods within an object, accessed through a well-defined interface. This enhances security and simplifies code modification.
2. Inheritance: The ability to create new classes (child classes) based on existing ones (parent classes). Child classes inherit properties and methods from parent classes, reducing code duplication and creating class hierarchies.
3. Polymorphism: The ability to use objects of different classes through a common interface. This allows performing the same actions differently depending on the object type. In Flutter, it is often implemented through virtual methods or in Dart through method overriding (@override).
4. Abstraction: Highlighting essential characteristics of an object, ignoring non-essential details. This allows working with high-level models without delving into implementation details. In Dart, it is implemented using abstract classes and interfaces.