Explain the difference between stack and heap in the context of memory management.

Stack and heap are two different memory management methods:

• Stack is a memory area where local variables and function calls are stored. It operates on the LIFO (last in, first out) principle. Memory is allocated and freed automatically when entering and exiting functions. The stack is usually limited in size and fast in operation.

• Heap is a memory area for dynamic allocation, where objects live as long as there are references to them. Memory in the heap is allocated and freed manually or with a garbage collector. The heap is larger in size but operations on it are slower.

Example: in Flutter/Dart, local variables of a function are stored on the stack, while objects created via new or literals are stored on the heap.