How is the management of network resources carried out and access to them controlled?

Management of network resources and access control are usually carried out through several levels and tools:

• Authentication and authorization: verifying the identity of a user or device (e.g., via LDAP, Active Directory, OAuth) and determining access rights.
• Network policies and ACLs (Access Control Lists): setting rules on routers, switches, and firewalls that restrict access to resources based on IP addresses, ports, and protocols.
• VPN and network segmentation: creating secure channels and dividing the network into zones with different trust levels.
• Use of access management systems (IAM): centralized management of users, roles, and permissions.
• Monitoring and auditing: tracking access and actions to detect unauthorized use.

Example: in a corporate network, access to the database may be restricted only to servers from a specific subnet, and users must authenticate via LDAP with assigned roles that determine what operations they are permitted to perform.