Explain the concept of control groups (cgroups) and their role in resource management in Linux.

Control groups (cgroups) are a Linux kernel mechanism that allows limiting, accounting, and isolating the usage of system resources (CPU, memory, disk, network) for groups of processes.

With cgroups, you can:

• Limit resource consumption of a specific group of processes.
• Prioritize resources among groups.
• Monitor resource usage for analysis and monitoring.

For example, you can create a cgroup for a web server and limit it to a maximum of 50% CPU and 1 GB of memory so that it does not affect other services.

This is especially useful in containerization and virtualization, where ensuring isolation and predictable behavior of applications is necessary.