How is communication with the Linux kernel implemented?

Communication with the Linux kernel is carried out through system calls (syscalls). This interface between user space and kernel allows programs to request kernel services, such as file operations, process management, networking, and more.

Programs invoke system calls via standard libraries (e.g., libc), which encapsulate low-level instructions for transitioning into kernel mode.

Examples of system calls:

• open(), read(), write() — file operations
• fork(), exec() — process management
• socket() — network operations

Additionally, interaction with the kernel can occur through interfaces such as:

• procfs (/proc) — a virtual filesystem for obtaining system information
• sysfs (/sys) — for device management
• ioctl — for device and driver control

Thus, communication with the Linux kernel occurs through system calls and specialized interfaces that provide safe and controlled access to OS resources.