Можете объяснить, что подразумевается под инфраструктурным кодированием (IaC)?

Infrastructure as Code (IaC) is a practice of managing and configuring infrastructure using code, rather than manually through interfaces or consoles. It allows automation of creating, modifying, and deleting servers, networks, databases, and other components.

Main advantages of IaC:

• Repeatability and consistency of configurations
• Rapid deployment and scaling
• Ease of versioning and change auditing

Examples of IaC tools: Terraform, Ansible, CloudFormation.

Example of a simple Terraform configuration for creating a virtual machine:

provider "aws" {
  region = "us-west-2"
}

resource "aws_instance" "example" {
  ami           = "ami-0c55b159cbfafe1f0"
  instance_type = "t2.micro"
}