Can you give examples of methods to increase system throughput through horizontal scaling?

Horizontal scaling involves adding new nodes (servers) to the system to increase its throughput. Examples of methods to increase capacity through horizontal scaling:

• Load Balancing: distributing incoming traffic among multiple servers so that each handles a portion of the requests.
• Database Sharding: dividing data into parts (shards) stored on different servers, allowing parallel processing of requests to different data parts.
• Using a container cluster (e.g., Kubernetes): running multiple application replicas on different nodes for parallel processing.
• Caching at multiple nodes: for example, a distributed cache (Redis Cluster), which allows serving more requests through parallel access.

Thus, by adding new nodes and intelligently distributing the load, the system's throughput can be significantly increased.