What methods can be used to prevent unauthorized access or attacks on the system?

The following methods are used to prevent unauthorized access and attacks on the system:

• Authentication and authorization: verifying the user's identity and controlling their access rights.
• Use of encryption: protecting data during transmission (TLS) and storage.
• Regular updates and patching of software to fix vulnerabilities.
• Configuring firewalls and intrusion detection systems (IDS/IPS).
• Limiting access by IP, using VPN.
• Logging and monitoring activity to detect suspicious actions.
• Protecting against SQL injection, XSS, CSRF attacks through data validation and filtering.
• Applying the principle of least privilege for users and services.

Example: setting up two-factor authentication (2FA) for system login to enhance security.