What do you need to know about the requirements and standards of the TCP protocol?

The TCP protocol (Transmission Control Protocol) is a connection-oriented transport layer protocol that ensures reliable data transfer between network nodes.

Main requirements and standards of TCP:

• Connection establishment (handshake): a connection is established before data transfer using a three-way handshake (SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK).
• Reliability: TCP guarantees the delivery of data in the correct order without losses, using acknowledgments (ACK) and retransmission of lost packets.
• Flow control: the sliding window mechanism allows regulating the data transfer rate to prevent overwhelming the receiver.
• Congestion control: TCP adapts the transfer rate depending on the network condition to avoid congestion.
• Segmentation: data is divided into segments, each with a header containing a checksum to verify integrity.

Knowing these aspects is important for configuring network interactions, diagnosing problems, and optimizing performance.