What tools are used to monitor the state of systems and services, such as Zabbix or Prometheus?

Monitoring the status of systems and services in tools like Zabbix or Prometheus is carried out using the following means:

• Metrics collection — agents or exporters gather data about the status (CPU load, memory, service availability, response time, etc.).
• Data storage — metrics are stored in time series for analysis and visualization.
• Alerting — setting rules that generate notifications when thresholds are reached or anomalies are detected.
• Visualization — dashboards and graphs for real-time monitoring.

For example, Prometheus uses a pull model, where the server periodically polls exporters, while Zabbix uses push or pull with agents. Both tools support integration with notification systems (email, messengers, PagerDuty, etc.).