How is version control managed and how are version variables connected and created in the system?

Version control is the process of managing changes to code, configurations, and other artifacts of a project using version control systems (e.g., Git).

The main principles of version control:

• Each change is recorded as a commit with a description.
• Branches are used for parallel development and isolating new features.
• Tags are used to mark releases with version numbers.

Connecting and creating variable versions is often implemented in build systems (e.g., Maven, Gradle) or CI/CD pipelines:

• A version variable is set in the project configuration files, for example, version = 1.0.0.
• During build or deployment, this variable can be automatically updated (e.g., incrementing the patch number).
• In CI/CD, environment variables or scripts can be used to insert the version into artifacts.

Example in Gradle:

version = '1.0.0'

task printVersion {
    doLast {
        println "Current version: $version"
    }
}

Thus, version control ensures the management and reproducibility of the project's state, and version variables help automate the build and release process.