How to manage CPU priority for processes in Linux (CPU throttling)?

In Linux, CPU priority management for processes is carried out using:

• nice/renice: changes the scheduling priority of a process. Nice values range from -20 (high priority) to 19 (low priority).

  # Start a process with nice priority 10
  nice -n 10 ./my_process
  
  # Change the priority of an already running process
  renice 5 -p <pid>
  

• cgroups (control groups): allow limiting the use of CPU, memory, and other resources for groups of processes.

• cpulimit: utility to limit CPU usage of a specific process in percentage.

  cpulimit -p <pid> -l 30  # limit process to 30% CPU
  

Thus, for CPU throttling, you can use nice for priority, and cgroups or cpulimit for strict CPU consumption limits.