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How does the Linux operating system load process occur?

sobes.tech AI

Answer from AI

  1. BIOS/UEFI Post (Power-On Self-Test): Hardware initialization, checking main components. Finds the boot device.
  2. Bootloader (GRUB, LILO): Loads from the boot device (MBR or UEFI Partition). Its task is to load the kernel and initial RAM disk (Initrd/Initramfs) into memory.
  3. Linux Kernel: Loaded into memory. Initializes hardware at a low level, mounts the root filesystem.
  4. Initrd/Initramfs: A small filesystem in memory containing temporary programs and drivers needed to mount the real root filesystem.
  5. Init/Systemd: After mounting the real root filesystem, control is transferred to the init process (traditionally SysVinit) or modern systemd. This is the first process (PID 1). It starts other processes and services.
  6. Starting services: Init/Systemd starts necessary system services (network, logging, etc.) according to the runlevel (in SysVinit) or unit files (systemd).
  7. Interface appearance: A login manager (graphical display manager - GDM, LightDM; or getty for text login) is launched, providing the user with an interface to log into the system.
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