What is the architectural structure of Kubernetes and what levels does it consist of?

The architecture of Kubernetes consists of several key levels and components:

1. Control Plane — responsible for managing the cluster and includes:

   • API Server — the interface for interacting with the cluster.
   • Scheduler — distributes tasks (pods) across nodes.
   • Controller Manager — monitors the cluster state and maintains the desired state.
   • etcd — a distributed configuration and state storage.

2. Node Level — executes containers and includes:

   • Kubelet — an agent that manages pods on the node.
   • Kube-proxy — provides network communication and load balancing.
   • Container runtime (e.g., Docker, containerd) — runs containers.

3. Network Level — ensures communication between components and pods.

Thus, Kubernetes architecture is divided into a control level, which manages state and distribution, and a node level, where applications are executed.