How is server resource virtualization carried out and what role does the hypervisor play in this?

Server resource virtualization allows running multiple isolated virtual machines (VMs) on a single physical server, efficiently utilizing its computing power, memory, and other resources. A hypervisor is a software layer that manages virtual machines, allocates the physical server's resources among them, and provides isolation.

There are two types of hypervisors:

• Type 1 (bare-metal) — installed directly on hardware and provides high performance and security (e.g., VMware ESXi, Microsoft Hyper-V).
• Type 2 (hosted) — run on top of an operating system, suitable for testing and development (e.g., VirtualBox).

The hypervisor controls the start and stop of VMs, allocates CPU time, memory, disk space, and network resources, while ensuring isolation and security between virtual machines.