What monitoring elements do you know and what do they consist of in most cases?

Metrics, logs, traces.

• Metrics:

  • Metric name (e.g., http_requests_total)
  • Labels/Dimensions (e.g., status="200", method="GET")
  • Timestamp
  • Value

  Types of metrics: counters, gauges, histograms, summaries.

• Logs:

  • Timestamp
  • Log level (INFO, WARNING, ERROR, etc.)
  • Source (service name, host, application)
  • Message in free form
  • Additional structured data (JSON, key-value pairs)

• Distributed Tracing:

  • Trace ID (identifier for the entire trace)
  • Span ID (identifier for a specific step/operation in the trace)
  • Parent Span ID (identifier of the parent step)
  • Operation (name of the performed action)
  • Start timestamp of the operation
  • Duration of the operation
  • Tags/Attributes (key-value, additional data about the operation)
  • Events/Logs within Span (timestamps and messages)

Example of Span structure:

Trace A
├── Span 1 (operation X in service 1)
│   └── Span 2 (call to service 2 from service 1)
│       └── Span 3 (operation Y in service 2)
└── Span 4 (operation Z in service 1)