How does the traceroute team determine the latency for each intermediate node in the route?

The traceroute command determines the delay time to each intermediate node by sending several ICMP packets with gradually increasing TTL (Time To Live). Each packet, upon reaching a node with TTL=0, triggers the sending of an ICMP error message (Time Exceeded). The traceroute calculates the delay to this node based on the time between sending the packet and receiving the response. By repeating this several times, the program obtains the average response time for each intermediate route.