How do you determine the resource expenditure in a system?

To determine the level of resource consumption in a system, key metrics are usually monitored: CPU load, RAM usage, disk I/O, network traffic, and application response time. Tools like Prometheus, Grafana, Zabbix, or built-in system utilities (top, htop, vmstat) help collect and visualize these data.

It is important to analyze not only current indicators but also trends to identify bottlenecks and assess how efficiently resources are used. For example, high CPU load with low memory usage may indicate a need to optimize computational processes.

An example command to view CPU and memory load in Linux:

top -b -n1 | head -20