What are the advantages and disadvantages of relational databases?

Relational databases (RDBs) have a number of advantages and disadvantages:

Advantages:

• Strict data structure: tables with clearly defined schemas ensure data integrity and predictability.
• Support for complex queries: SQL language allows for complex selections, joins, and aggregations.
• Transactions and consistency: support for ACID transactions guarantees operation reliability.
• Wide support and maturity: many tools and communities.

Disadvantages:

• Scalability: vertical scaling is limited, horizontal scaling is more complex to implement.
• Schema flexibility: changing table structures can be labor-intensive and may not suit dynamically changing data.
• Performance on large volumes: bottlenecks can occur with very large data and high loads.

In conclusion, relational databases are well-suited for applications with well-structured data and reliability requirements, but may be less convenient for flexible or scalable systems.