Tell me about the implementation of graceful shutdown and proper operation handling.

Graceful shutdown is the proper termination of an application, during which it manages to complete current operations and free resources.

Main steps:

1. Monitor OS signals (e.g., SIGINT, SIGTERM).
2. Stop accepting new requests or tasks.
3. Wait for current operations to finish.
4. Close connections to databases, queues, and other services.
5. Terminate the process.

Example in Node.js:

process.on('SIGTERM', () => {
  server.close(() => {
    // Close DB, clear timers
    process.exit(0);
  });
});

This approach prevents data loss and ensures stability during restart or shutdown.