What are the main objects and constructs used in Elasticsearch for storing and searching data?

In Elasticsearch, the main objects and structures for storing and searching data are:

• Index — a logical space for storing documents, similar to a database.
• Document — a data unit in JSON format, stored within an index.
• Type — was previously used to group documents within an index, now deprecated.
• Shard — a part of an index distributed across nodes for scaling.
• Replica — a copy of a shard for fault tolerance.
• Mapping — a schema describing the structure of documents and field types.

DSL queries are used for searching, allowing flexible filtering and aggregation of data.

Example of a document:

{
  "user": "ivan",
  "message": "Hello, Elasticsearch!",
  "timestamp": "2024-06-01T12:00:00"
}