What are the main metrics used to evaluate the performance of the disk system in the Linux operating system?

To assess the performance of a disk system in Linux, the following metrics are usually used:

• IOPS (Input/Output Operations Per Second) — the number of input/output operations per second.
• Throughput — the amount of data transferred per unit of time (e.g., MB/s).
• Latency — the response time of the disk system to a request.
• Queue Depth — the number of requests waiting to be processed.

For monitoring, the following utilities can be used:

• iostat — shows input/output statistics.
• vmstat — provides general system information, including disk activity.
• iotop — displays processes actively using the disk.

These metrics help understand how effectively the disk handles load and identify bottlenecks.