How is user authentication and access rights checked in ASP.NET?

In ASP.NET, user identity verification and access rights are implemented through authentication and authorization mechanisms.

• Authentication is the process of confirming the user's identity. In ASP.NET, this can be implemented through various schemes: cookies, JWT tokens, OAuth, OpenID Connect, etc. After successful authentication, a user object (ClaimsPrincipal) is created, which contains information about the user and their roles.

• Authorization is the process of checking the user's access rights to specific resources or actions. In ASP.NET, this is done using attributes, for example, [Authorize], which restrict access to controllers or methods based on roles or policies.

Example:

[Authorize(Roles = "Admin")]
public IActionResult AdminPanel()
{
    return View();
}

Here, access to the AdminPanel method is only granted to users with the "Admin" role.

Thus, ASP.NET first authenticates the user, then checks their rights to access resources.