What is the concept of a static class in object-oriented programming?

A static class in object-oriented programming is a class that cannot be instantiated (no objects can be created from it), and all its members (methods, fields) are static.

In C#, a static class is declared with the static keyword. It is typically used to group utility methods and data that do not depend on a specific instance, such as helper functions.

Example:

public static class MathUtils {
    public static int Square(int x) => x * x;
}

// Usage:
int result = MathUtils.Square(5); // 25

Features of static classes:

• Cannot create instances.
• All members must be static.
• Used for storing general-purpose methods and data.

This helps organize code and avoid unnecessary object creation.