Can you list the main types of data structures and storage formats in databases?

Main types of data structures commonly used in programming and databases:

• Arrays — ordered collections of elements of the same type.
• Linked lists — sequences of elements where each contains a reference to the next.
• Stacks — structures with access based on LIFO (last in, first out).
• Queues — structures with access based on FIFO (first in, first out).
• Trees — hierarchical structures, such as binary trees, B-trees.
• Hash tables — structures for fast key-based lookup.
• Graphs — sets of nodes and edges between them.

Formats for storing information in databases:

• Tabular (relational) — data stored in tables with columns and rows (e.g., SQL databases).
• Document-oriented — data stored as documents (JSON, BSON), e.g., MongoDB.
• Key-value — pairs of keys and values, e.g., Redis.
• Column-oriented — data stored by columns, optimal for analytics (e.g., Cassandra).
• Graph databases — store data as graphs, suitable for complex relationships (e.g., Neo4j).