Explain the concept of authorization in the context of information systems.

Authorization is the process of verifying a user's or system's rights to perform certain actions or access resources after the user has been authenticated (i.e., their identity has been confirmed). In information systems, authorization determines which operations are permitted for a specific user or group of users.

For example, after logging into the system (authentication), a user may have rights only to read data, but not to modify it. Authorization is implemented through roles, access rights, security policies, and is often managed using access control systems (ACL, RBAC).

In C#, authorization is often implemented through attributes, such as [Authorize] in ASP.NET, which restrict access to methods or controllers based on roles or policies.