Can you explain the differences between static and dynamic typing in programming languages?

Static and dynamic typing differ in when data type checks occur:

• Static typing — variable and expression types are checked during compilation. This means type errors are detected before the program runs. Examples of statically typed languages: C#, Java, C++.

• Dynamic typing — types are checked at runtime. Variables can change types, and type errors only appear during execution. Examples of dynamically typed languages: Python, JavaScript, Ruby.

In C#, static typing allows catching errors at compile time, increasing reliability and performance. However, dynamic typing offers greater flexibility and convenience for rapid prototyping.

Example of static typing in C#:

int number = 5;
number = "text"; // Compilation error

In a dynamically typed language like Python, the following is possible:

number = 5
number = "text"  # This is allowed