Explain the concept of reflection in programming and its main applications.

Reflection in programming is the ability of a program to examine and modify its own structure and behavior at runtime. In C#, this is implemented through the namespace System.Reflection, which allows obtaining information about types, methods, properties, attributes, and creating objects dynamically.

Main uses of reflection:

• Dynamic creation of objects and invocation of methods without knowing them at compile time.
• Inspection of metadata for analyzing attributes and class structures.
• Serialization and deserialization of objects, when it is necessary to automatically traverse fields and properties.
• Development of frameworks and libraries that work with user-defined types (e.g., ORM, DI containers).

Example of using reflection to get a list of class methods:

using System;
using System.Reflection;

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        Type type = typeof(String);
        MethodInfo[] methods = type.GetMethods();
        foreach (var method in methods)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(method.Name);
        }
    }
}