Can you list the main mechanisms of thread and process synchronization?

The main mechanisms for thread and process synchronization in C# include:

• lock — provides exclusive access to a resource by locking a section of code for other threads.
• Mutex — a cross-process locking mechanism that allows synchronization between different processes.
• Semaphore and SemaphoreSlim — limit the number of threads that can access a resource simultaneously.
• Monitor — a more flexible locking mechanism with the ability to wait and notify threads.
• AutoResetEvent and ManualResetEvent — allow threads to wait for a signal to continue work.
• Interlocked — provides atomic operations on variables to prevent race conditions.

Example of using lock:

private readonly object _locker = new object();

void IncrementCounter()
{
    lock (_locker)
    {
        // critical section
        counter++;
    }
}