What are the memory volume limitations of the stack in software systems?

The stack memory size in software systems is limited by several factors:

• The size allocated by the operating system or runtime environment for the thread stack (usually from a few hundred kilobytes to several megabytes).
• Hardware limitations, such as the available physical memory.
• The development environment configuration or application startup parameters.

If the stack exceeds the allocated size (for example, due to deep recursion), a stack overflow occurs, leading to program termination.

In C#, the default stack size for the main thread is usually 1 MB, but it can be changed when creating threads.