Can you explain the basic principles of object-oriented programming and how they differ from other paradigms?

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is based on four main principles:

1. Encapsulation — combining data and methods that operate on that data into a single object. This allows hiding internal implementation details and protecting data from direct external access.

2. Inheritance — a mechanism that allows creating new classes based on existing ones, inheriting their properties and methods, which promotes code reuse.

3. Polymorphism — the ability of objects of different classes to respond to the same messages (method calls) in different ways, simplifying code extension and maintenance.

4. Abstraction — highlighting essential characteristics of an object while hiding implementation details, making interaction with the object easier.

Differences from other paradigms:

• Procedural programming focuses mainly on functions and call sequences, not objects.
• Functional programming emphasizes pure functions and immutable data.

OOP models programs as interactions of objects, which is closer to the real world and facilitates managing the complexity of large systems.