What is object-oriented programming?

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the use of objects, which combine data and methods for working with that data.

Main concepts of OOP:

• Classes and objects: A class is a template or description of an object, and an object is a specific instance of a class.
• Encapsulation: Hiding the internal implementation of an object and providing access through methods.
• Inheritance: The ability to create new classes based on existing ones, inheriting their properties and methods.
• Polymorphism: The ability of objects of different classes to respond to the same messages (methods) in different ways.

Example in C#:

public class Animal
{
    public virtual void Speak()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Animal sound");
    }
}

public class Dog : Animal
{
    public override void Speak()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Woof");
    }
}

// Usage
Animal myDog = new Dog();
myDog.Speak(); // Outputs "Woof"

OOP helps structure code, improves reusability, and support.