What are the existing directions and concepts of managing the lifetime of containers in various systems?

There are several main concepts in managing the lifetime of containers (for example, in DI containers in C#):

• Transient — the container creates a new instance of the object each time it is requested. Used when a fresh object without preserved state is needed.

• Scoped — the object is created once per scope (for example, per request in a web application) and reused within that scope.

• Singleton — the object is created once for the entire lifecycle of the container and reused everywhere.

Different systems and frameworks may have additional options or extensions of these concepts, such as sessions, persistent objects, etc. The main goal is to manage object lifetimes to avoid memory leaks and ensure correct application behavior.

Example in C# using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection:

services.AddTransient<IService, Service>(); // new object each time
services.AddScoped<IService, Service>();   // one object per request
services.AddSingleton<IService, Service>(); // one object for the application