How does the Linux operating system load process occur during computer startup?

The Linux boot process during computer startup includes several stages:

1. BIOS/UEFI — when the computer is turned on, basic hardware initialization is performed and the boot device is searched.

2. Bootloader — for example, GRUB. It loads the Linux kernel into memory and hands over control to it. The bootloader may provide a menu for OS selection and boot parameters.

3. Linux Kernel — after the kernel starts, hardware initialization occurs, the root filesystem is mounted, and the first process is launched.

4. init system — this is the first user-space process (e.g., systemd, SysVinit), which starts all other services and processes necessary for the system to operate.

5. Launching user applications — after system initialization, the graphical interface and other programs are started.

Thus, Linux booting is a sequence of transitions from low-level hardware initialization to the launch of user processes.