What distinguishes the C++ language from the C language in terms of syntax and capabilities?

C++ extends the capabilities of the C language by adding object-oriented programming, templates, exceptions, and a richer standard library. In terms of syntax:

• C++ introduced classes, inheritance, and polymorphism.
• Namespaces were added for code organization.
• Support for function and operator overloading.
• Introduction of templates for generic programming.

Example of a class in C++:

class Animal {
public:
    void speak() {
        std::cout << "Animal sound" << std::endl;
    }
};

In C, such syntax does not exist; it only supports procedural style.