How is the automatic implementation of the copy operator carried out in a programming language?

In C++, the compiler automatically generates a copy constructor and assignment operator if the programmer does not explicitly define them. The automatic implementation copies all non-static fields of the object by value (bitwise copy for simple types). For classes with pointers, this can lead to shallow copying, which is sometimes undesirable.

Example of automatic copying:

struct Point {
    int x, y;
};

Point p1{1, 2};
Point p2 = p1; // automatically calls the copy constructor, copying x and y

If the class contains pointers or resources, it is recommended to explicitly define the copy operator to avoid issues with double deletion or memory leaks.