Are you familiar with resize and reserve methods…

Yes, I know.

In the context of standard C++ containers (for example, std::vector), the methods resize and reserve are used to manage the size and capacity of the container:

reserve(n): Requests that the vector's capacity be at least n. If n is greater than the current capacity, new storage is allocated, and elements are moved there. Capacity can increase, but the size of the vector (the number of elements) does not change. reserve is used to avoid multiple reallocations when adding elements.
```
#include <vector>

int main() {
    std::vector<int> v;
    v.reserve(100); // Guarantee capacity of at least 100
    // Size of v is still 0
    // Adding elements up to the 100th will most likely not cause reallocation
    return 0;
}
```

resize(n): Changes the size of the vector to n.

If n is less than the current size, elements after the n-th are removed.
If n is greater than the current size:
- New elements are added to the end.
- If resize(n, value) is called, new elements are initialized with value.
- If resize(n) is called, new elements are initialized with the default value for the element type (by calling the default constructor).
The capacity of the vector may increase to accommodate new elements if necessary.

#include <vector>

int main() {
    std::vector<int> v = {10, 20, 30};
    v.resize(5); // Size becomes 5. Two new elements are added (initialized to 0 for int).
    // v now {10, 20, 30, 0, 0}

    v.resize(2); // Size becomes 2. Elements 30, 0, 0 are removed.
    // v now {10, 20}

    v.resize(6, 99); // Size becomes 6. Four new elements are added (initialized to 99).
    // v now {10, 20, 99, 99, 99, 99}
    return 0;
}

Key differences:

	`reserve(n)`	`resize(n)` / `resize(n, value)`
What it changes	Capacity (capacity)	Size (size)
Number of elements	Does not change	Changes to `n`
Initialization	No initialization occurs	New elements are initialized (by default or with `value`)
Reallocation	May occur to reach capacity `n`	May occur to reach size `n`

Are you familiar with resize and reserve methods?