How to ensure guaranteed absence of exceptions in a C/C++ program?

Use the "noexcept by default" approach. Explicitly mark functions as noexcept. Avoid using standard library functions that throw exceptions (e.g., use std::vector::at instead of []). Apply RAII for resource management without exceptions. Handle error codes instead of exceptions in critical sections. Use static_assert to check invariants at compile time. Perform static and dynamic testing for exceptions.

// Example of a function marked noexcept
void safe_function() noexcept {
    // Code that is guaranteed not to throw an exception
}

// Example of using error codes instead of exceptions
enum class ErrorCode {
    Success,
    InvalidInput,
    ResourceError
};

ErrorCode process_data(const std::vector<int>& data) {
    if (data.empty()) {
        return ErrorCode::InvalidInput;
    }
    // ... data processing ...
    return ErrorCode::Success;
}