In what cases and in which parts of development is the use of templates applied?

Templates (templates) in C/C++ are used to create generic code that can work with different data types without duplication.

Templates are used in the following cases:

• When you need to write a function or class that works with different data types (e.g., sorting, containers).
• To implement generic data structures (e.g., in the standard library STL — vector, list, map).
• To increase code reuse and reduce errors related to copying and modifying code for different types.

Example of a template function:

#include <iostream>

template <typename T>
T max(T a, T b) {
    return (a > b) ? a : b;
}

int main() {
    std::cout << max(3, 7) << std::endl;       // for int
    std::cout << max(3.5, 2.1) << std::endl;   // for double
    return 0;
}

Templates are usually used during library development, components, when you need to ensure universality and type safety.