Can you list the existing types of mutual exclusions (mutex)?

There are different types of mutual exclusions (mutex) in C/C++, which differ in implementation and capabilities:

• Simple (regular) mutex — a basic locking mechanism that provides exclusive access to a resource.
• Recursive mutex — allows the same thread to lock the mutex multiple times without deadlock.
• Timed mutex — a mutex with the ability to attempt locking with a timeout.
• Error-checking mutex — a mutex that checks for errors, for example, re-locking by the same thread causes an error.

The C++11 standard library includes the following types:

• std::mutex
• std::recursive_mutex
• std::timed_mutex
• std::recursive_timed_mutex

Example of using std::recursive_mutex:

#include <mutex>

std::recursive_mutex mtx;

void recursive_function(int count) {
    mtx.lock();
    if (count > 0) {
        recursive_function(count - 1);
    }
    mtx.unlock();
}

The choice of mutex type depends on the task and locking requirements.